- 理化性质
小豆蔻明(Cardamonin)，为黄色针晶，易溶于甲醇、乙醇、醋酸乙酯，乙醚，稀碱溶液，难溶于水，与醋酸铅反应呈黄色沉淀。小豆蔻明可以明显抑制络氨酸酶的活性，同时可以有效抑制黑色素细胞增殖和黑色素的合成，效果明显超过其他成分。
- 生物活性
(E)-Cardamonin ((E)-Cardamomin) 是新颖的hTRPA1阳离子通道拮抗剂，IC50值为454 nM。
- 靶点
Target
Value
NF-κB
(Cell-free assay)
TRPA1
(Cell-free assay)
454 nM
- 体外研究
(E)-Cardamonin ((E)-Cardamomin) selectively blocksTRPA1 activation (IC
50
=454 nM) while does not interact with TRPV1 nor TRPV4 channel. Docking analysis of cardamonin demonstrates a compatible interaction with A-967079-binding site of TRPA1. (E)-Cardamonin ((E)-Cardamomin) does not significantly reduce HEK293 cell viability, nor does it impair cardiomyocyte constriction. (E)-Cardamonin ((E)-Cardamomin) suppresses the expression of Tgase-2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and p65 (nuclear factor-κB) in a concentration-dependent manner, and restores the expression of IκB in MG63 and Raw264.7 cells.
- 体内研究
(E)-Cardamonin ((E)-Cardamomin) (3-30 mg/kg, orally administered) significantly inhibits PBQ-induced writhing. CDN also produces a significant, dose-dependent increase in the withdrawal response latencies in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.
- 化学性质
黄色结晶性粉末，可溶于甲醇、乙醇、DMSO等有机溶剂，来源于草豆蔻。
- 小豆蔻明具有抗菌、止呕、健脾的作用。
- 用于含量测定/鉴定/药理实验等
- 生物活性
Chrysene 是一种高分子量 (HMW) 多环芳烃 (PAH)，有极强的顽固性和致癌性。
- 化学性质
白色或带银灰色、黄绿色鳞片状或平斜方八面结晶体，在苯中结成无色斜方片晶，在紫外线下有紫色荧光。可燃。有毒。真空中易升华。熔点255℃，沸点440.7℃，相对密度1.274。微溶于醇、醚、二硫化碳和冰醋酸，在25℃时1g能溶于1300ml无水乙醇、480ml甲苯，在100℃时在甲苯中约溶解5%，略溶于沸苯，不溶于水。
- 用于非磁性金属表面探伤用荧光剂、化学仪器紫外线过滤剂、光敏剂及照像感光剂，用于染料生产，代替洗油作农药敌稗的溶剂和增效剂。
- Occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PA
H) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to analyze th
e effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT).
- 概述
司盘属于合成的非离子乳化剂，由山梨醇或山梨醇酐与食用级棕榈酸进行部分酯化反应而制得。其为浅奶黄色至棕黄色细珠状、片状或硬质蜡状颗粒，有柔和的油脂气味和焦糖甜味。司盘-85不是单一的化合物，而是具各种相似组成的混合物，以山梨醇醉三油酸酚为主体。它粘度低，HLB值为最小，因而亲油性最强，是优良的油包水型(w/O)乳化剂，也是O/w型的辅助乳化剂。
- 制备
司盘85的制备方法：将10g山梨醇和10g油酸在搅拌器中预先混合搅匀，加入0.03g中性催化剂，以2℃/min的速度升温到220℃，继续搅拌，当酸值(mgKOH/g) ≤15后，降温出料，得到黄色油状液体，测试结果为：羟值(mgKOH/g) 为65,皂化值为170，水分≤1.5％。
- 化学性质
本品为琥珀色至棕色油状液体，相对密度（25℃）为0.95±0.05，熔点10℃，微溶于异丙醇、四氯乙烯、二甲苯、棉子油、矿物油。
- 本品在医药、化妆品、纺织、油漆、石油产品、采油业作乳化剂、增溶剂、防锈剂。
- 用作乳化剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、分散剂、增稠剂等
- 气相色谱固定液，非离子表面活性剂，水/油型乳化剂，分散剂。
Sorbitane trioleate, or Span 85, has been used in a study to develop a novel bottom-up process to produce nanoparticles containing protein and peptide for suspension in hydrofluoroalkane propellants. It has also been used in a study to analyze the application of liquid chromatography in polymer non-ionic antistatic additives.
