- 作用
安普乐定具有较强的α2-肾上腺素能受体的作用,通过激活眼内α2-肾上腺素能受 体,降低眼内压。本品血脑屏障通透率低,中枢和心血管作用弱,全身性副作用低且无明显 扩瞳作用,因而有很好的应用前景,其是治疗激光手术所引起的眼内压升高的特效药物。
- 制备
以2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯胺、甲酸和乙酸酐等为反应起始原料,进行甲酰化反应得到N-(2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯基)甲酰胺;而后经氯化、环合得到2-(2’,6’-二氯-4’-硝基 苯胺基)-2-咪唑啉,最后用水合肼将2-(2’,6’-二氯-4’-硝基苯胺基)-2-咪唑啉中硝基还 原,制得盐酸安普乐定(1),总收率达45%。其中用水合肼作为还原剂2-(2’,6’-二氯-4’-硝 基苯胺基)-2-咪唑啉中硝基还原为首次报道,对亚胺键未见影响,该步收率达80%以上。
- 生物活性
Apraclonidine (Iopidine)是一种拟交感神经要,用于治疗青光眼。它是α2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂。
- 体外研究
Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145) is more commonly used topically for glaucoma, as it penetrates the cornea and blood-brain barrier to a lesser extent and, thus, has fewer adverse systemic effects.
- 体内研究
Apraclonidine hydrochloride (ALO 2145) is effective in animal models of elevated IOP as well as glaucoma in humans. The ocular hypotensive effects of Apraclonidine are usually attributed to reduced aqueous humor synthesis and vasoconstrictor actions at the anterior segment branches of the ophthalmic artery.