化学合成。
化学合成
路线1:L-叔亮氨酸与二碳酸二叔丁酯在甲醇中反应
- 步骤:向L-叔亮氨酸(26.1g,0.2mol)的甲醇(150ML)悬浮液中加入三乙胺(56ML,0.4mol),冷却至0℃;缓慢加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(48g,0.22mol)的甲醇(40ML)溶液,控制内部温度0至5℃;搅拌过夜后真空除溶剂,残余物溶于乙酸乙酯(200ML),用10%w/v柠檬酸水溶液(3×100ML)洗涤,有机层经MgSO₄干燥、过滤、真空除溶剂得浅黄色油状物(48.9g,>100%,含残余溶剂)。
- 1H NMR(CDCl3):δ/ppm 9.20(1H,bs),5.10(1H,m),4.15(1H,m),1.45(9H,s),1.00(9H,s)。
- 参考文献:
- [1] Patent: US6716878, 2004, B1. Location in patent: Page column 14
- [2] Patent: US6716878, 2004, B1. Location in patent: Page column 62
- [3] Patent: CN107325025, 2017, A. Location in patent: Paragraph 0086; 0087
- [4] Patent: WO2005/73195, 2005, A2. Location in patent: Page/Page column 96-97
- [5] Tetrahedron, 2008, vol. 64, #18, p. 3980-3997
- [6] Patent: EP2423187, 2012, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 14
- [7] Patent: EP2423187, 2012, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 13
- [8] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, vol. 54, #13, p. 4815-4830
- [9] RSC Advances, 2014, vol. 4, #24, p. 12257-12265
- [10] Patent: US2008/161254, 2008, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 21
- [11] Patent: US2005/171014, 2005, A1. Location in patent: Page/Page column 7-8
- [12] ACS Catalysis, 2017, vol. 7, #2, p. 1383-1391
- [13] Organic Letters, 2016, vol. 18, #18, p. 4518-4521
- [14] Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, vol. 15, #2, p. 827-838
- [15] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1998, vol. 41, #2, p. 199-223
- [16] Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 2000, vol. 39, #15, p. 2752-2754
- [17] Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry letters, 2004, vol. 14, #1, p. 275-278
- [18] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2003, vol. 9, #17, p. 4031-4045
- [19] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2001, vol. 7, #5, p. 1014-1027
- [20] Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2008, vol. 51, #15, p. 4620-4631
- [21] Nature, 2009, vol. 461, #7266, p. 968-970
- [22] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2010, vol. 16, #44, p. 13068-13071
- [23] Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, vol. 21, #6, p. 1832-1837
- [24] Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 2011, vol. 22, #3, p. 300-308
- [25] Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2011, vol. 21, #8, p. 2425-2429
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- [27] Chemical Communications, 2012, vol. 48, #42, p. 5193-5195
- [28] Chemistry - A European Journal, 2014, vol. 20, #21, p. 6526-6531
- [29] Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014, vol. 136, #51, p. 17869-17881
- [30] Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2015, vol. 80, #15, p. 7770-7778
- [31] Tetrahedron, 2018, vol. 74, #52, p. 7485-7494
路线2:L-叔亮氨酸与二碳酸二叔丁酯在1,4-二恶烷/水混合溶剂中反应
- 步骤:将三乙胺(890μL,6.40mmol)滴加到L-叔亮氨酸(300mg,2.29mmol)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(599mg,2.74mmol)的1,4-二恶烷/水1:1(8mL)溶液中,搅拌过夜;用石油醚(2×)萃取混合物,水相冷却至0℃,缓慢加入4M NaHSO₄·H₂O酸化至pH 3;酸化水相用EtOAc(3×)萃取,合并有机相用盐水(2×)洗涤,干燥、过滤、浓缩得无色粉末(522mg,99%),无需进一步纯化。
- 1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ0.99(s,9H),1.44(s,9H),3.96(s,1H);
- 13C-NMR(75.5MHz,CD3OD):δ27.1,28.7,34.9,68.0,80.5,157.8,174.7。
- 参考文献:
- [1] Patent: EP1881001, 2008, A1
- [2] Patent: EP1881002, 2008, A1
路线3:N-Boc-叔丁基乙胺醇化合物氧化制备
- 步骤:在四颈烧瓶中加入10.0g(1.0当量)N-Boc-叔丁基乙胺醇化合物、乙酸异丙酯100ml、溴化钠2.0eq、碳酸氢钠2.0eq、TMEPO 0.05eq,冷却至0-5℃;控制温度0-5℃滴加次氯酸钠1.2eq(约1.0-1.5h),保温2h后升温至20-25℃,保温1.0-2.0h;加入硫代硫酸钠固体0.6当量孵育0.5h;水层用20ml乙酸异丙酯萃取,分离相后向水层加20ml乙酸异丙酯,加柠檬酸调节pH至2-3,分离相后水层用20ml×2乙酸异丙酯萃取;合并有机层用50ml水洗涤,分离相后有机层用0.5g无水硫酸镁干燥0.5h,抽滤,滤液40-50℃蒸发至干,40-50℃保温下加5ml乙酸异丙酯,滴加25ml庚烷,缓慢冷却结晶,20-30℃保温0.5h,抽滤、洗涤得精制产物7.8g,收率73%,光学纯度100%。
- 参考文献:
- [1] Patent: CN107778192, 2018, A. Location in patent: Paragraph 0060-0062